The pcv or hct is one of the most accurate and reproducible methods of measuring red cells in the peripheral blood, falling in an anaemia and increased in. Place a drop of blood, about 23 mm in diameter approximately 1 cm from one end of slide. To allow for the most accurate microscopic evaluation, blood smears should be prepared using consistent techniques that help ensure highquality peripheral blood smear preparations. Staining peripheral blood smears maygrunwald technique 1. Unfortunately, a few cell illustrations are not available at this time but will be added. The blood sample is sent to the lab where a drop of blood is spread thinly onto a glass slide and it is then treated with a special strain. Peripheral blood or potassium edta anticoagulated blood 12 mg edta1 ml blood may be used. Too large thick and long smears too small thin and short smear ideal size of the drop id lentil shape angel. Staining process has begun, no stat slides can be added in the batch. Remember to include a detailed history and description of lesions. Place a small drop of blood, or one side about 12 cm from one end.
A fresh, wellmade, peripheral blood film is crucial for accurate cell morphology assessment. Manual scanning for platelet clumps is recommended. How to stain peripheral blood and interpret blood film. Aug 02, 2012 how to prepare and stain a blood film. Blood smears are useful for examining cell morphology and identifying blood borne parasites. Blood smears are useful for examining cell morphology and identifying bloodborne parasites. Blood from a patient with anaemia will have a lower. Describe the appearance of a well prepared blood smear. The presentation of illustrative cells in this module is by no means a comprehensive study of blood cells.
These include patient preparation and consent, blood sampling technique. The method is very easy and modern research must combine. Despite advances in haematology automation and application of molecular techniques, the pbf has remained a very important diagnostic test to. As basic as it is, pbf is invaluable in the characterization of various. Examination of thick and thin peripheral blood smears stained with giemsa or other appropriate stains is used for detection and identification of species of plasmodium, babesia, trypanosoma, brugia, mansonella, and wuchereria. The wedge blood smear will be discussed in this lab. The extra time and care taken during the field season will be rewarded later when the smears must be scanned, and parasites identified and counted. Microscopic evaluation is used to find the cause of the disease and thus provides a suitable treatment to the affected individual. Teaching the clinical interpretation of peripheral blood smears to a. Cytology sample collection and preparation for veterinary. Peripheral blood test your knowledge below is a slide at high magnification under an oil immersion lens. Do not touch the surface of the slide where the blood smear will be made. The peripheral blood film pbf is a laboratory workup that involves cytology of peripheral blood cells smeared on a slide.
With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters like complete blood count or cbc can be. This has motivated researchers to develop different algorithms and methods to automate peripheral blood smear image analysis. Without delay place a spreader at an angle of 45 from the slide and move it back to make contact with the drop. Pdf analyzing microscopic images of peripheral blood smear. Wrights stain is a type of romanowsky stain, which is commonly used in hematology laboratory for the routine staining of peripheral blood smears. After this, the slide is properly rinsed under running water. Clean slides with 70 to 90% alcohol and allow to dry. The blood smear test is often done to diagnose conditions that are causing. Microscopic diagnosis using stained thin and thick peripheral blood smears pbs malaria is conventionally diagnosed by microscopic examination of stained blood films using giemsa, wrights, or fields stains.
The examination of a stained peripheral blood film is a hematology test and is an integral part of laboratory evaluation of patients. The examination of blood films stained with wrights stain frequently provides important clues in the diagnosis of anemias and various disorders of. It is limited to the material covered in the lectures and laboratory sessions. Pull the second slide back until it contacts the drop of blood. The blood smear test is a simple procedure in which your health care provider draws a blood sample from the vein in your arm. Examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults. Blood smear in microscopy processtechnique, artifacts.
Preparation of a peripheral blood film this protocol describes how to prepare a slide film of peripheral blood for microscopic examination. Flow cytometry is a method by which the antigenic profile of cells can be. Perform a capillary puncture using aseptic technique. It takes about 510 minutes to stain a batch of smears. Jul 15, 2019 a peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Peripheral blood smear analysis using image processing. Blood smears common errors the blood droplet on the left is too big and will result in a thick smear. Fix the slide using pure methanol in a coplin jar for 2 minutes and air dry. Smears are most commonly made using the spread or wedge technique. Initial testing cbc with peripheral smear polychromasia, spherocytes, schistocytes, sickle cells, heinz bodies, basophilic stippling. The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative exercises a physician can perform. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Demonstrate the appropriate technique for preparing a peripheral blood smear.
Wait until the blood spreads along the entire width of the spreader slide. It is vital to keep in mind sterility, quality control and proper technique in handling your blood smear. The technique for making and storing dried blood samples is given in the section dried blood samples. A blood smear is easily sampled and features of blood are very observable which is especially valuable when disease is present. Factors that influence making a blood smear size of the drop. Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. Making and staining a blood smear university of vermont. Plasmodium falciparum centers for disease control and. For medical lab technology mlt course at portland community college.
Oct 28, 2018 a peripheral blood smear or peripheral blood film is a glass slide covered on one side with a thin layer of venous blood. The manual examination of these images is tedious, timeconsuming and suffers from interobserver variation. Peripheral blood smear test about, preparation, test. A blood smear reveals information about the number and shape of blood cells in the body. Wrights stain is named for james homer wright, who devised the stain in 1902 based on a modification of romanowsky stain. Over 1,000 fullcolor photomicrographs depict abnormalities within each blood cell line, with multiple pictures of each morphologic abnormality and variations in their appearance. It is also used for staining bone marrow aspirates, urine samples and to demonstrate malarial parasites in blood smears.
Extremely thin films caused by too small a drop, too slow. A blood smear is often used as a followup test to abnormal results on a complete blood count cbc to evaluate the different types of blood cells. Smear is smooth with out irregularities, holes or streaks. Blood smear technique aspirated material may contain enough blood andor liquid to allow smearing of the material in a similar fashion to that used to make a peripheral blood smear. As a general rule for judging the quality of a stained blood film, the laboratory must ensure that all cell types in a blood film can be identified reliably by the staining procedure. A single smear can be made per slide smear running the length of the slide or two or even three smears can share a slide, with the smears running the width of the slide.
Second, appearance of the organism in peripheral blood, especially in cats, can be. An illustrated guide to the morphology of blood cells, atlas of canine and feline peripheral blood smears covers patient assessment for common hematologic disorders and diseases in dogs and cats. The blood droplet on the left is too big and will result in a thick smear. The three main blood cells that the test focuses on are. State the appropriate sample used for preparing a peripheral blood smear. Scroll left and right to see various peripheral blood components. Smears made from edtaanticoagulated blood should be made. Seed haematology the role of the peripheral blood smear in the modern haematology laboratory 2 sysmex educational enhancement and development february 20 the viscosity haematocrit of the blood, which can be highly variable from patient to patient, will also affect the smear. Many disorders such as malaria, anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia, sickle cell anemia etc. Peripheral blood smear pbs analysis is a routine work carried out in laboratories to evaluate the health status of a person. It works by precipitating proteins and carbohydrates. How to perform a proper thick and thin smear for malaria diagnosis duration. Detection of neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow and.
Mar 28, 2014 peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. A blood smear is a blood test used to look for abnormalities in blood cells. The blood droplet on the right is the preferred size. Making a quality blood smear although there are several techniques described for making blood smears, most people use the wedge or push technique. The smear is greater than 25 mm long and the feathered edge stops approximately 10 mm from the end of the slide.
Although there are several techniques described for making blood smears, most people use the. Blood films that are too thin or too thick present a problem. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Atlas of canine and feline peripheral blood smears. At one time, a blood smear was prepared on nearly everyone who had a cbc. Dried blood samples for genetic studies should always be made at the same time as the smears. Peripheralbloodtutor was designed, written, and tested by. Complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film, its. Aims of this large descriptive repeated survey were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different techniques in diagnostic samples obtained at several disease course time points and to correlate positive results with. Proper preparation of a peripheral blood smear objective at the completion of this laboratory, the student will be able to.
Correlation of peripheral blood smears and cbc in general hematopoietic abnormalities osvaldo padilla, md, mph what is your general area of specialty. Nov 03, 2016 complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film can be truly diagnostic for a disease condition. The wedge smear is a convenient and commonly used technique for making peripheral blood smears. Laboratory diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia. Demonstrate the appropriate technique for preparing a peripheral blood smear discussion phlebotomist may be required to prepare peripheral blood smears from capillary blood collected at the patients bedside or from a drop of blood from an edta sample. Preparation and staining of peripheral blood smear slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In some ways it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders. It may be used to help diagnose andor monitor numerous conditions that affect blood cell populations. May 01, 2015 peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. Take a second slide and lie the edge flat on the smear slide.
Cell fixationis done by placing the slide in methanol ch3oh. The method of platelet estimation by peripheral smear is useful as a rapid, cheap method to assess platelet count and can be done in rural hospital settings. Tutorial blood cell morphology a clinical pathology 201. The slide is the stained and viewed under a microscope. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells. Peripheral blood smear clinical methods ncbi bookshelf. Dec 17, 2010 for medical lab technology mlt course at portland community college. Laboratory diagnosis of infections due to blood and tissue. The blood film occupies the central portion of the slide and has definite margins on all sides that are accessible to examination by oil immersion.
Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely. Aqueous solutions of stains are stable only after 36. Nov 03, 2016 preparation and staining of peripheral blood smear slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The elements seen, altogether, are not representative of normal peripheral blood, but are portrayed for learning and identification purposes. Pdf analyzing microscopic images of peripheral blood. Making and staining a blood smear a wellmade blood smear is a beauty to behold, and likely to yield interesting and significant information for a research project.
Check out the leishman staining technique used in hematology laboratory for the examination of peripheral blood smear leishman stain is a mixture of methylene blue, and eosin dye, prepared in alcohol medium and diluted with buffer or distilled water during staining procedure. Icsh has published a reference staining method for blood films based on purified azure b and eosin y solutions ichs, 2010. It is good practice to prepare two slides for each sample. Chapter 10 procedures for collecting capillary blood specimens skills. Microscopy remains the cornerstone of the laboratory diagnosis of infections due to blood and tissue parasites. Clean, highquality glass microscope slides are essential to blood smear preparation. This paper presents a new automated peripheral blood smear analysis system, shonit 1. Smear is finger shaped, very slightly rounded at feather edge, this allow for widest area for examination. Making the peripheral blood smear although some automated analyzers prepare and stain blood smears according to established criteria, manual blood smear preparation is still used in many places. Seed haematology the role of the peripheral blood smear.
Allow the blood to spread along the edge of the slide. Leishman stain is a mixture of methylene blue, and eosin dye, prepared in alcohol medium and diluted with buffer or distilled water during staining procedure. Peripheral blood smear test is ordered as part of a general health exam to help diagnose many illnesses it helps diagnose if red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are normal in appearance and number. Slides are just automatically dipped in the stain in the buffer and a series of rinses. Detection of metastatic tumor cells in bone marrow bm and peripheral blood pb of children with neuroblastoma is crucial for prognosis and planning of therapy.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation. An unconventional way to make peripheral blood smears duration. Leishman staining technique principle, preparation. Peripheral blood smear analysis is a common practice to evaluate health status of a person. Wewilluseadropletof blood tomakeathin% smear,dryit,fixandstainitand observe under a microscope. This method has changed very little since laverrans original discovery of the malaria parasite, and improvements in staining techniques by romanowsky in the late 1,800s. This way, each slide may be used to spread the film of the other, and duplicate slides will be of value if something happens to one of them in the. Check out the leishman staining technique used in hematology laboratory for the examination of peripheral blood smear. Peripheral blood smear can be used for estimation of manual blood counts. Bloodfilmpreparationand stainingprocedures berendhouwen,md,phd.
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